In South Dakota, the Sioux Falls Argus Reader newspaper reports Summit Carbon Solutions has lost an appeal at the South Dakota Supreme Court on two cases—one of seven consolidated cases—regarding its performance of invasive surveys on their land against their will in a win for landowners. A lower court had granted the company summary judgement in 2022 allowing for the surveys on the basis that it qualified as a “common carrier”, a private or public entity that transports goods for a fee, but the justice said the lower court erred in its decision and sent the case back for further review as the commodity being transported by the proposed pipeline is not a public good.